domingo, 6 de septiembre de 2009

Programa 36 del 05 de Septiembre del 2009

HIPOACUSIA, Adelantos Tecnológicos


Invitada: Lic. Rosario Castro Mireles de COMAUDI

Uno de los estereotipos creados acerca de la vejez, es que todos los viejos son personas sordas; la hipoacusia no es un padecimiento exclusivo de los mayores, si bien durante el proceso normal de envejecimiento suelen presentarse perdidas graduales de las capacidades auditivas, estas son por lo general la consecuencia del estilo de vida, las perdidas auditivas pueden empezar a edades mas tempranas, que suelen agravarse cuando existen algunos factores predeterminantes o de riesgo, como enfermedades crónicas (diabetes, hipertensión, sinusitis), adicciones (tabaquismo, alcoholismo), herencia genetica, entornos laborales (industrias, centros de trasporte como el subterraneo o una terminal aèrea, etc.) y recreativos (eventos o centros musicales y de espectáculos, o incluso el uso excesivo de audifonos personales) que incrementan el riesgo de sufrir una hipoacusia.
La hipoacusia es la perdida auditiva de superficial a severa, en uno o los dos oídos que se clasifica en cuatro criterios:
Cuantitativa: según la cantidad de pérdida de audición.
Topográfica: con respecto al lugar donde asienta la lesión que produce el déficit.
Etiológica: de acuerdo con la etiología de la hipoacusia.
Locutiva: en relación con el lenguaje
Es el primer criterio conocido como perdida cuantitativa el que en terminos prácticos se utiliza más para el diagnóstico de la perdida auditiva, el cual a su vez se divide en niveles:
Normal: Umbral de audición tonal no sobrepasa los 20dB HL
Leve: Pérdida no superior a 40 dB para las frecuencias centrales.
Moderada: Pérdida comprendida entre 40 dB y 70 dB.
Grave: Pérdida comprendida entre 70 dB y 90 dB.
Profunda: Pérdida superior a 90 dB.
Ante todo siempre debemos tener en cuenta que lo principal es la prevención, sin embargo quienes han perdido su capacidad auditiva, hoy la tecnología les ofrece alternativas para no perder su calidad de vida, atrás quedo la tecnología analógica para dar paso a la era digital.
Estos avances no solo proveen de mejores diseños e infinidad de modelos de auxiliares auditivos, más ligeros y más potentes, sino que tambien se tienen diagnósticos más precisos; y lo mejor de todo: Costos mas bajos.
Si se tiene la sensación de escuchar menos, de no entender con claridad las palabras o bien de manera persistente se tiene la sensación de escuchar un zumbido o un murmullo lejano (tinnitus o acúfeno), es conveniente realizar un estudio audiológico en un centro especializado que brinde atención integral y no solo en establecimientos comerciales disfrazados de consultorios cuyo único objetivo es vender sin importar la educación del paciente. Insistimos que lo más importante es obtener la mayor información para prevenir la perdida de nuestra capacidad de escuchar.


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